What is Software Testing?
The process of exercising or evaluating a system or system component by manual or automated means to verify that it satisfies specified requirements or to identify differences between expected and actual results..."
What is the Purpose of Testing?
- To uncover hidden error.
- To achieve the maximum usability of the system
- To demonstrate expected performance of the system.
What types of testing do testers perform?
Black-box testing, White box testing is the basic type of testing testers Performs. Apart from that they also perform a lot of tests like
- Ad-Hoc testing
- Cookie testing
- CET ( Customer Experience test)
- Client-Server Test
- Configuration Tests
- Compatibility testing
- Conformance Testing
- Depth Test
- Error Test
- Event-Driven
- Full Test
- Negative Test
- Parallel Testing
- Performance Testing
- Recovery testing
- Sanity Test
- Security Testing
- Smoke testing
- Web Testing
What is the Outcome of Testing?
stable application, performing its task as expected.
What is the need for testing?
The Primary need is to match requirements get satisfied with the functionality and also to answer two questions
A. Whether the system is doing what it supposes to do?
B. Whether the system is not performing what it is not suppose to do?
6. What are the entry criteria for Functionality and Performance testing?
Functional testing:
Functional Spec. /BRS (CRS)/User Manual. An integrated application, Stable for testing Performance Testing:
Same above mentioned baseline document support and good and healthy application that supports drastic performance testing
What is test metrics?
After doing the actual testing, an evaluation doing on the testing to extract some information about the application health using outputs of testing. Software metrics is any type of measurement, which relates to a software system, process or related documentation.
Eg:
Size of code and Found bugs on that count
Number of bugs reported per day.
Number of Conditions/Cases tested per day
It can be
· Test Efficiency
· Total number of tests executed
Why do you go for White box testing, when Black box testing is available?
A benchmark that certifies Commercial (Business) aspects and also functional (technical) aspects is objectives of black box testing. Here loops, structures, arrays, conditions, files, etc., are very micro level but they are Basement for any application, So White box takes these things in Macro level and test these things
What are the entry criteria for Automation testing?
Application should be stable.
Clear Design and Flow of the application is needed
When to start and Stop Testing?
If we follow ‘Waterfall’ model then testing can be started after coding. If ‘V’ model is followed then testing can be started at design phase itself. Regard less of model the following criteria should considered
To start:
When test Environment was supportive enough for testing.
When Application study was confident enough
To Stop:
After full coverage of Scope of testing
After getting enough confidence on health of the application.
What is Quality
“Fitness to use”
“A journey towards excellence”
What is Baseline document, Can you say any two?
A baseline document, which starts the understanding of the application before the tester, starts actual testing.
Functional Specification Business Requirement Document
What is verification?
A tester uses verification method to ensure the system complies with an organization standards and processes, relying on review or non executable methods (such as software, hardware, documentation and personnel)
“Are we Building the Right Product”
What is validation?
Validation physically ensures that the system operates according to plan by Executing the system functions through series of tests that can be observed or evaluated.
“Are we building the Product Right”
What is quality assurance?
A planned and systematic pattern for all actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that the item or product conforms to established technical requirements
What is quality control?
Quality Control is defined as a set of activities or techniques whose purpose is to ensure that all quality requirements are being met. In order to achieve this purpose, processes are monitored and performance problems are solved.
What are SDLC and TDLC?
The Flow and explanation process, which clearly pictures how a software development and testing should be done, were explained in SDLC and TDLC respectively. (Software development Life Cycle and testing development Life cycle) TDLC is a informal concept and also referred as TLC
What are the Qualities of a Tester?
- Should be perfectionist
- Should be tactful and diplomatic
- Should be innovative and creative
- Should be relentless
- Should possess negative thinking with good judgment skills
- Should possess the attitude to break the system
What are the various levels of testing?
- Unit Testing
- Integration testing
- System Testing
- User Acceptance Testing
Tell names of some testing type which you learnt or experienced?
Any 5 or 6 types which are related to companies profile is good to say in the interview,
- Ad - Hoc testing
- Cookie Testing
- CET (Customer Experience Test)
- Client-Server Test
- Configuration Tests
- Compatibility testing
- Conformance Testing
- Depth Test
- Error Test
- Event-Driven
- Full Test
- Negative Test
- Parallel Testing
- Performance Testing
- Recovery testing
- Sanity Test
- Security Testing
- Smoke testing
- Web Testing
What exactly is Heuristic checklist approach for unit testing?
It is method of achieving the most appropriate solution of several found by alternative methods is selected at successive stages testing. The check list Prepared to Proceed is called Heuristic check list
After completing testing, what would you deliver to the client?
- Test deliverables namely
- Test plan
- Test Data
- Test design Documents (Condition/Cases)
- Defect Reports
- Test Closure Documents
- Test Metrics
What is a Test Bed?
Before Starting the Actual testing the elements which supports the testing activity such as Test data, Data guide lines. Are collectively called as test Bed.
What is a Data Guideline?
Data Guidelines are used to specify the data required to populate the test bed and prepare test scripts. It includes all data parameters that are required to test the conditions derived from the requirement / specification The Document, which supports in preparing test data are called Data guidelines
Why do you go for Test Bed?
When Test Condition is executed its result should be compared to Test result (expected result), as Test data is needed for this here comes the role of test Bed where Test data is made ready.
What is Severity and Priority and who will decide what?
Severity:
How much the Bug found is supposed to affect the systems Function/Performance, Usually we divide as Emergency, High, Medium, and Low.
Priority:
Which Bug should be solved fist in order of benefit of system’s health? Normally it starts from Emergency giving first Priority to Low as last Priority.
Can Automation testing replace manual testing? If it so, how?
Automated testing can never replace manual Testing.
As these tools to Follow GIGO principle of computer tools. Absence of creativity and innovative thinking.
But
1. It speeds up the process. Follow a clear Process, which can be reviewed easily.Better Suited for Regression testing of Manually tested Application and Performance testing.
What is a test case?
A Test Case gives values / qualifiers to the attributes that the test condition can have. Test cases, typically, are dependent on data / standards.
A Test Case is the end state of a test condition, i.e., it cannot be decomposed or broken down further. Test Case design techniques for Black box Testing.
- Decision table
- Equivalence Partitioning Method
- Boundary Value Analysis
- Cause Effect Graphing
- State Transition Testing
- Syntax Testing
What is a test condition?
A Test Condition is derived from a requirement or specification. It includes all possible combinations and validations that can be attributed to that requirement/specification.
What is the test script?
A Test Script contains the Navigation Steps, Instructions, Data and Expected Results required to execute the test case(s). Any test script should say how to drive or swim through out the application even for a new
user.
What is the test data?
The value which are given at expected places(fields) in a system to verify its functionality have been made ready in a piece of document called test data.
What is an Inconsistent bug?
The Bug which is not occurring in a definable format or which cannot be caught, even if a process is followed. It may occur and may not when tested with same scenario.
What is the difference between Re-testing and Regression testing?
Retest-To check for a particular bug and its dependencies after it is said to be fixed.
Regression testing: To check for the added or new functionality's effect on the existing system
What are the different types of testing techniques?
- White box
- Black box
- Gray Box
What are the different types of test case techniques?
Test Case design techniques for Black box Testing.
- Decision table
- Equivalence Partitioning Method
- Boundary Value Analysis
- Cause Effect Graphing
- State Transition Testing
- Syntax Testing
What are the risks involved in testing?
- Resource Risk (A. Human Resource B. Hardware resource C. Software resource)
- Technical risk
- Commercial Risk
Differentiate Test bed and Test Environment?
Test bed holds only testing documents which supports testing which includes Test data, Data guidelines etc.
Test environment includes all supportive elements namely hardware, software, tools, Browsers, Servers, etc.,
What ifs the difference between defect, error, bug, failure, fault?
Error:
“Is an undesirable deviation from requirements?”
Any problem or cause for many problems which stops the system to perform its functionality is referred as Error
Bug:
Any Missing functionality or any action that is performed by the system which is not supposed to be performed is a Bug.
“Is an error found BEFORE the application goes into production?”
Any of the following may be the reason for birth of Bug
1. Wrong functionality
2. Missing functionality
3. Extra or unwanted functionality
Defect:
A defect is a variance from the desired attribute of a system or application.
“Is an error found AFTER the application goes into production?”
Defect will be commonly categorized into two types:
1. Defect from product Specification
2. Variance from customer/user expectation.
Failure:
Any Expected action that is suppose to happen if not can be referred as failure or we can
say Absence of expected response for any request.
Fault:
This generally referred in hardware terminologies. A Problem, which cause the system not
to perform its task or objective.
What is the difference between quality and testing?
“Quality is giving more cushions for user to use system with all its expected characteristics”It is usually said as Journey towards Excellence.
Testing is an activity done to achieve the quality.
What is the difference between White & Black Box Testing?
White box:
Structural tests verify the structure of the software itself and require complete access to the object's source code. This is known as ‘white box’ testing because you see into the internal workings of the code.
Black Box:
Functional tests examine the observable behavior of software as evidenced by its outputs
without reference to internal functions. Hence ‘black box’ testing. If the program consistently provides the desired features with acceptable performance, then specific source code features are irrelevant. It's a pragmatic and down-to-earth assessment of software.
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