Interview Point of Questions on Testing Part-2

What is the difference between Quality Assurance and Quality Control?

QA: Study on Process followed in Project development

QC: Study on Project for its Function and Specification

What is the difference between Testing and debugging?

Testing is done to find bugs

Debugging is an art of fixing bugs.

Both are done to achieve the quality

What is the difference between bug and defect?

Bug:

Any Missing functionality or any action that is performed by the system which is not supposed to be performed is a Bug.

“Is an error found BEFORE the application goes into production?”

Any of the following may be the reason for birth of Bug

1. Wrong functionality

2. Missing functionality

3. Extra or unwanted functionality

Defect:

A defect is a variance from the desired attribute of a system or application.

“Is an error found AFTER the application goes into production?”

Defect will be commonly categorized into two types:

1. Defect from product Specification

2. Variance from customer/user expectation

What is the difference between verification and validation?

Verification:

 The process of determining whether of not the products of a given phase of the software development cycle meets the implementation steps and can be traced to the incoming objectives established during the previous phase. The techniques for verification are testing, inspection and reviewing. In other words we can say Verification as

“Are we Building the Right Product”

A tester uses verification method to ensure the system complies with an organization standards and processes, relying on review or non executable methods (such as software, hardware, documentation and personnel)

Validation:

The process of evaluating software at the end of the software development process to ensure compliance with software requirements. The technique for validation is testing, inspection and reviewing.

In other words we can say Verification as

“Are we building the Product Right”

Validation physically ensures that the system operates according to plan by Executing the system functions through series of tests that can be observed or evaluated. 

What is the difference between functional spec? And Business requirement Specification?

Functional specification will be more technical, It holds properties of a field and functionality dependencies E.g.: size, Type of data whether numeric or alphabets etc. Business Requirement Specification will be more business oriented which throws light more on needs or requirements

What is the difference between unit testing and integration testing?

Unit Testing: Testing of single unit of code, module or program. it is usually done by the developer of the unit. It validates that the software performs as designed. Deliverable of the unit testing is software unit ready for testing with other system components.

Integration Testing: Testing of related programs, modules or units of code. Validates that multiple parts of the system perform as per specification.

Deliverable of integration testing is parts of system ready for testing with other portions of system.

What is difference between Volume & Stress?

Volume testing is increasing the volume of data to maximum withstand capacity of the system.

Stress is the combination of both volume and load, so need not to increase in volume alone even user can also increased objective here is to check the up to which extend it can bare the increasing load and volume.

What is the difference between Stress & Load Testing?

Stress is the combination of both volume and load, so need not to increase in volume alone even user can also increased objective here is to check the up to which extend it can bare the increasing load and volume.

Load Testing is increasing number of user to maximum withstand capacity of the system.

What is the difference between Client Server & Web Based Testing?

Client server needs a Client server environment that is a system to Request and another to respond to its request.

Web Based testing normally goes with 3W sites testing, done to check its stability and functionality when goes online.

What is the difference between Integration & System Testing?

Integration testing

What is the Difference between Code Walkthrough & Code Review?

Both are almost same except in one issue that is Walkthrough need not be done by people inside the team are who have more knowledge about the system. 

Review is highly recommended to be done by people of higher level in team or who have good knowledge about the application.

What is the difference between walkthrough and inspection?

Walkthrough:

In a walk through session, the material being examined is presented by a reviewed and evaluated by a team of reviewers.

A walk through is generally carried out without any plan or preparation. the aim of this review is to enhance the process carried out in production environment.

Inspections:

Design and code inspection was first described by FAGUN.

There are three separate inspection performed, they are

• Following design, but prior to implementation.
• Following implementation, but prior to Unit testing.
• Finally inspecting Unit testing, this was not considered to be cost-effective in discovering errors.

What is the Difference between SIT & IST?

• SIT can be done when system is on the process of integration,
• IST need integrated System of various Unit levels of independent functionality and checks its workability after integration and compares it before integration.

What is the Difference between static and dynamic?

Static testing: Testing performed with expecting any response for specific request  placed at that time. Done Based on structures, Algorithms, logic, etc.,

Dynamic testing: Performed to the System that responds to any specific request.  More than all that without executing the application this testing cannot be done.

What are the Minimum requirements to start testing?

• Baseline Documents.
• Stable application.
• Enough hardware and software support E.g. Browsers, Servers, and Tools)
• Optimum maintenance of resource

What is Smoke Testing & when it will be done?

A quick-and-dirty test that the major functions of a piece of software work without bothering with finer details. Originated in the hardware testing practice of turning on a new piece of hardware for the first time and considering it a success if it does not catch on fire.

What is Ad hoc testing? When it can be done?

Appropriate and very often syndicated when tester wants to become familiar with the product, or in the environment when technical/testing materials are not 100% completed. It is also largely based on general software product functionality/testing understanding and the normal 'Human Common Sense'. This can be performed even with non-availability of of Baseline documents.

What is cookie testing?

Cookie is a text file normally written by web applications to store all your login-id, password validation and details about your session. Cookies will get stored in our machines (client).Its mainly to verify whether cookies are being written correctly. 

Importance of cookie testing:

• To evaluate the performance of a web application
• To assure the health of www application where more cookies are involved

What is security testing?

• To test how the system can defense itself from external attacks.
• How much it can with stand from breaking the system from performing its assigned task.

Many critical software applications and services have integrated security measures against malicious attacks. The purpose of security testing of these systems include identifying and removing software flaws that may potentially lead to security violations, and validating the effectiveness of security measures. Simulated security attacks can be performed to find vulnerabilities.

What is database testing?

The demonstrate the backend response for front end requests

How backend, which stores and retrieve back the data and supports the front end when in need is justified database testing.

What is the relation ship between Quality & Testing?

Quality is a journey towards excellence; Testing is the way of achieving quality.

How do you determine, what to be tested?

The Scope of testing should be created based on the requirements or needs given by the end user or client, based on these things the testing scope should be decided.

How do you go about testing a project?

• System study
• Understanding the application
• Test environment setup

What is the Initial Stage of testing?

Right from understanding the application testing starts with clarifying the ambiguities in the application and continues to Test initiation encloses, Test process, test data, Data guidelines Preparation and test design which is finally executed

What is Web Based Application Testing?

Web Based testing normally goes with 3W sites testing, done to check its stability and functionality when goes online.

What is Client Server Application Testing?

Client server needs a Client server environment that is a system to Request and another to respond to its request.

What is the use of Functional Specification?

Functional Specification is a baseline document prepared in technical perspective, says how the system should behave in ideal scenario. Tells right from syntax to its functionality and dependencies

Eg: for a password and user id fields

It should accept <n>number of characters in<Type> of type of data and it gets input from

<x> and gives output to <y>.

Why do we prepare test condition, test cases, test script (Before Starting Testing)?

These are test design document which are used to execute the actual testing Without which execution of testing is impossible ,finally this execution is going to find the bugs to be fixed so we have prepare this documents.

Is it not waste of time in preparing the test condition, test case & Test Script?

No document prepared in any process is waste of time, That too test design documents which plays vital role in test execution can never be said waste of time as without which proper testing cannot be done.

How do you go about testing of Web Application?

To approach a web application testing, the first attack on the application should be on its performance behavior as that is very important for a web application and then transfer of data between web server ,front end server, security server and back end server.

How do you go about testing of Client Server Application?

To approach a client server environment we can track back the data transfer, Check the

compatibility and verify the individual behavior and then to compare as client and server.

What is meant by Static Testing?

Structure of a program, Program Logic, Condition coverage, Code coverage etc. can be tested. Analysis of a program carried out without executing the program.

Can the static testing be done for both Web & Client Server Application?

Yes, Can be done regardless of type of application, but Depends on the Application’s individual structure and behavior.

In the Static Testing, what all can be tested?

• Functions,
• Conditions
• Loops
• Arrays
• Structures

Can test condition, test case & test script help you in performing the static testing?

Static testing will be done based on Functions, Conditions, loops, arrays and structures. so hardly not needed to have These documents, By keeping this also static testing can be done.

What does dynamic testing mean?

Any dynamic application i.e., the system that responds to request of user is tested by executing it is called dynamic testing

Is the dynamic testing a functional testing?

Yes, Regardless of static or dynamic if applications functionality's are attacked keeping in mind to achieve the need then it will come under functional testing.

Is the Static testing a functional testing?

Yes, Regardless of static or dynamic if applications functionality's is attacked keeping in mind to achieve the need then it will come under functional testing.

What is the functional testing you perform?

I have done Conformance testing, Regression testing, Workability testing, Function Validation and Field level validation testing.